Affect

• Visible (facial expression) and audible manifestation (change in pitch) of pt's emotional response to external and internal events

• Observed by the clinician (sign)

Mood

• Pt's subjective assessment of their emotions when asked how they feel

• Reported by pt (symptom)

Is affect congruent with mood?

Cognition

• Gaining knowledge and understanding via thinking and experiencing

Attention and concentration

• Ability of an individual to focus and sustain their thoughts on specific things

  • Spell something backward, count in twos

Memory

• Sensory (immediate) memory

  • Repeat a set of numbers

• Short-term memory

  • • Repeat set of numbers 5mins later

• Long-term memory

  • Important life events (marriage date)

• Amnesia - loss of memory

• Retrograde amnesia - memories lost prior to event

• Anterograde amnesia - memories lost after to event

• Global amnesia - memories lost prior to AND after event

• Confabulation - lapses of memory filled in with fabricated events (deception is not intended)

Calculation

• Calculations appropriate for pt's level of education

  • Continuously subtract 7 starting from 100

Language

• Fluency, content, repetition, reading/writing, comprehension of written/oral

Fund of knowledge

• Amount of general information stored in long-term memory (↑s with education)

  • Name state capital

Abstract reasoning

• Analyze information and make connections between different pieces of data

  • Find similarities between objects

Executive function

• Ability to plan and execute complex tasks