Vomiting

Nausea: unpleasant sensation of feeling like you're about to vomit

Vomiting: forceful expulsion of gastric conten

Retching: absence of expulsion of gastric content

Regurgitation: return of esophageal contents to hypopharynx 

BOLO hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis (throwing up stomach acid (HCl) ➔ alkalosis ➔ hypokalemia)

Antiemetics

For motion sickness/vertigo

• Scopolamine - muscarinic (M1) antagonist

  • BOLO anti-sludgem (dry and tachy)

• Promethazine, diphenhydramine - histamine (H1) antagonist

  • BOLO sedation

For acute gastroparesis

• Metoclopramide - dopamine (D2) antagonist)

  • BOLO extrapyramidal sx

For acute nausea

• Ondansetron - serotonin (5-HT3) antagonist

  • BOLO QT prolongation, serotonin syndrome